My two-day vacation at the Getty Villa

I’ve been to the Getty Villa a gazillion times but I’ve always been there for a specific exhibit or a lecture or a class. I’ve never taken any of the regular tours before so I decided to remedy that. My excuse came when I discovered that Lillian Sizemore, a mosaic artist and teacher, was scheduled to give a talk and a demonstration at the Villa. So I decided to make a reservation two days in a row and do and see all the things I have never done and seen before plus view a couple of current exhibits.

On Thursday at 11:30am I started out with Point of View: Lillian Sizemore on Mosaics. As everybody knows, I have a love affair with ancient Greek and Roman mosaics. Although I certainly appreciate mosaics as an art form, my personal “point of view” comes from a historical, sociological and architectural (not to mention archaeological) perspective. I enjoy looking at an ancient mosaic and imagining how and where it would have been used, and by whom. So, although I have seen the few mosaics in the Getty collection a multitude of times, it was a treat for me to gain an artful insight into this delightful medium.

First up was the Mosaic Floor with Medusa (about 115 - 150 A.D.). Lillian pointed out the concentric circles, creating alternating black and white spirals. She mentioned that the perception might be that the ancient artists weren’t that clever but her view is that they were very intelligent, knowing exactly what they were doing. I agree. They may not have had the benefit of computers or technology, but given the tools they had to work with, their work is amazing. Personally, I have always been fascinated with geometric designs created with such implements as a compass and triangle.

Next we looked at a fountain, a copy of that in the garden of the House of the Great Fountain at Pompeii. This is my second favorite mosaic piece at the Getty Villa (oh, but it’s so hard to choose!).

My favorite mosaic in the Villa collection is Floor Mosaic with a Lion Attacking an Onager (Roman about 150). I once gave a half-hour presentation on this one mosaic. I made a full-scale print and laid it on the floor under the mosaic (which is installed horizontally on the wall) so my audience could look at it from its intended viewing point. Because of the lack of space, and museum convention, we have the unhappy situation of looking at floor mosaics from the wrong perspective as if they are wall paintings. Even when they are presented horizontally they are usually shown on a raised bed so most people never have the joy of viewing a floor mosaic from the correct position. Hence my interest in preserving mosaics in situ wherever and whenever possible (but that is a whole other blog—or book.)

When I talk about mosaics I am always amazed at the interest from my audience, be it friends or classmates or artists, maybe because mosaics have always been brushed aside as not being very important—at least the ancient kind—and therefore there is not much ongoing conversation about them compared to painting or sculpture. Or maybe people are merely being polite!

Separating the figurative image from the background in some mosaics is a single or double row of tesserae set in a curving line in the field color. I always thought of this as the lazy mosaicist’s way of defining the outline of the figure (animal, plant, human) instead of attempting to cut all the pieces so that they butt up to the colored pieces evenly, but I never realized this was actually a technique used as a rule. Aesthetically I still don’t like it, although now I know it was a purposeful technique I have more respect for it.

We moved on to Mosaic Floor with a Boxing Scene (about A.D. 175). When I tour the Getty with friends I am often asked why this is not my favorite mosaic in the collection as it is in as perfect condition as any in the museum. It is truly wonderful and I love the fact that the corners of the frame were not planned well, which says to me that the center emblamata piece was designed at the workshop and delivered to the site where the perimeter geometric mosaics were installed in place. I was happy that Lillian pointed out the corner misalignments as I think most people do not notice this. So why isn’t it my favorite? It does have an interesting story, but just not my cup of tea.

My next event was the Architecture Tour. Although I know the Getty Villa pretty well I enjoyed the perspective of the guide. He actually apologized for his interest in the mathematical proportions but I found that the most interesting part of the tour. And, in case you are wondering how the Romans figured anything out in the system of V, VII and X, they did not use that for their calculations. They had an abacus to do their calculations. One of the Chinese tourists in our group stated that, of course, the abacus had come from China. Our tour guide was not so sure, pointing out that because of trade between the two civilizations at the time, nobody knows who thought of it first.

I then joined the Culinary Garden Tour. I own a couple of cookbooks with recipes of food prepared during the Roman Empire (yes, I am sure I lived during that period as I feel so at home with everything that occurred during that time). The docent described the plants, herbs and fruits growing in the Getty gardens that were used for culinary purposes.

My last tour of the day was Life in a Roman Villa but it was not what I expected and in any case, by then I was tired and my ADHD was kicking in big time, so it was time to leave for the day.

Once again I was in awe of the majestic views of the Pacific Ocean as I drove along Pacific Coast Highway towards Santa Monica and the entrance to the freeway.

Day two of my vacation at the Getty Villa I attended Lillian Sizemore’s Artist-at-Work Demonstration: Mosaics. Lillian is an amazing artist in this very difficult medium. I have tried to put together a few small mosaics myself and it is no easy task, which is why I have such great respect for the ancient mosaicists. Lillian showed us how to cut the stones into pieces of tesserae with the hammer and hardie. As I have managed to cut myself with knives and scissors over the years I am not sure this would be a suitable profession for me!

She had several examples of different kinds of mosaics on display. I was most intrigued by the sample of opus sectile (translated as cut work) which had the effect of looking paper thin.

I wanted to stay longer but I was off to explore the outdoors with the Garden Tour. The Villa has four gardens. One of the most ubiquitous plants in the gardens is the acanthus which inspired the Roman (originally Greek) Corinthian columns. In the herb garden there is a lovely example of an Italian Stone Pine tree.

As I have been to the Getty Villa so many times, on this trip I decided to take some photos of the flooring and walls, so along with a few shots of Lillian’s tour and some photos of the gardens, that is what you will see in the slide show.

I had intended to return to Lillian’s workshop in the afternoon and take some more photos of her working on a mosaic but I made the mistake of answering my phone and duty called. Every time I visit the Villa I think I don’t need to go back for a while as I have seen everything. But there is something magical about that museum that keeps calling me back and I know I will be returning soon.

Click here for photo gallery.

(All photos copyright roslyn m wilkins)

Lessons Learned: Reflecting on the Theory and Practice of Mosaic Conservation

I have to admit when I read that the articles in this book were in English and French I thought that meant this would be like an English/French dictionary with translations into the respective languages. Not so, as some of the articles are in English and some are in French, period. If you can’t read French you are on your own which I find somewhat disappointing. Would it have been so hard to translate the French into English and vice versa? However, for someone like myself who only reads English and can just about order a cup of coffee in French, there is still enough of interest to justify ordering this informative collection of reports on the proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics.

I happen to love mosaics and am unashamedly passionate about the conservation of ancient mosaics, especially in the Hellenistic Greek and Roman Empire periods. From this book I learned a great deal about the different approaches to preservation and the problems inherent in those methods, the effects of tourism pro and con, the efforts to encourage appreciation for cultural heritage, the methods of scientific investigation—just to mention a few topics.

So if, like me, you salivate when you hear the word mosaics and want to learn more about the conservation and preservation of this wonderful art form from a professional point of view, I can highly recommend purchasing this record of the conference.
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Mosaics in Context

Exciting news in the October Getty Conservation Institute Bulletin which I subscribe to: "The GCI, the Getty Foundation, ICCROM (the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), and ICCM (the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics) have launched a new collaborative initiative, MOSAIKON, to improve regional capacity for conservation, maintenance, and preservation of mosaics in museums and in situ."

According to the Getty website "The objectives of MOSAIKON are:
to strengthen the ICCM and the network of professionals concerned with the conservation, restoration, maintenance, and management of the mosaics heritage;
to provide training to a variety of individuals involved in mosaics conservation and, more generally, with the management of archaeological sites and museums with mosaics;
to work with national and international bodies to provide a more favorable legislative, regulatory, and economic environment for the conservation of mosaics in the Mediterranean; and to promote the dissemination and exchange of information."

Mosaics were for a longtime the stepchild of archaeologists and art historians. Often the "interesting" sections such as allegorical figures, animals, or flowers, were removed from the site and placed in the "safety" of museums, losing all context of the rest of the mosaic they belonged to, or to the architectural surroundings they were intended for. Unlike paintings or sculptures, floor mosaics were for the most part installed in particular areas of buildings for a purpose. Removing them from their natural habitat destroys the essence of the mosaic.

I personally have enjoyed seeing many a mosaic improperly hanging on the wall of a museum. I doubt at the time that I even considered it should be viewed any other way. And if I had to travel to see every mosaic in situ I certainly would not have been able to view as many as I have. However, that is hardly the point.

Currently, the thinking among conservationists is to maintain mosaics on site. Obviously, this is not doable in all cases, but wherever possible I embrace the idea of keeping them intact in their original location. Although I have not had the privilege of seeing as many mosaics in situ as I have in museums, there is certainly nothing more exciting than running across a mosaic floor in a ruined villa or temple. On the other hand I don't advocate attempting to return mosaics to their place of origin, even if that was feasible—what's done is done. But it is comforting to know that the consensus of opinion among the guardians of such treasures is to preserve them in their intended locations.

Unfortunately I don't have the qualifications to attend the MOSAIKON conference in Lebanon in May, 2010, but in the meantime I am grateful to the Getty Conservation Institute for being involved in the preservation and conservation of my favorite art form.

(Photo: Overhead view of technicians performing stabilization treatment on mosaics. Photo: Aurora Ortega de Torre. From Getty.edu website.)

Tunisian Mosaics, Treasures From Roman Africa

My review of this wonderful book is now posted on Amazon!